Typewriting calculating machine



y 2, 1945' c. D. LAKE ET AL 2,403,005

TYPEWRITING CALGULAT ING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1939 15 Sheets-Sheet 1 ACC-P M04" RMa-P RM'P ATTORNEY July 2, 1946. c. D. LAKE ETAL TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1939 15 Sheets-Sheet 2 I FIG. 5.

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. TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MAGHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1939 13 Sheets-Sheet '3 INVENTO 5 ATTORNEY July 2, 1946.

c. LAKE ET AL TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1939 13 Sheets-Sheet 4 val-'50 ATTORNEY y 1946- c. D. LAKE ET AL TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1959 13 Sheets-Sheet 5 w 0 a m v v ATTORNEY Jmh t S mvmwn m m y 2, 1946. c. D. LAKE ET AL 2,403,005

TYPEWRITING CALCULAT ING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1939 15 Sheets-Sheet e SIV-C EKE 90-CR d ZMwr/ (9' E ATTORNEY y 1946. c. D. LAKE ET AL 2,403,005

TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Ndv. 24, 1939 13 Sheets-Sheet 7 UUDUUUEIU ATTORNEY July 2, 1946. LAKE ET AL 2,403,005

TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1939 i5 Sheets-Sheet 8 Ru mm 3 3 26k 5 Q 5 a? 3 #82 3 x 0 2 N 8 T r 1 Y T Y I Q. m W o wm mm. 3 3 3 Q 3 Q #9: 3 Km 3 k i 1 I T v g. 5. 3 5 3 5 3 3 3 0 N 0 2 8. 7 v: Y Q \\v= V 3 s4 3 3 5 3 v a5 a 3Q 82 3 Q 3 3 3 5 3 3 q 1 Y 1 Y Y Y Y Y Y "M m 0 2 an E E S 3 s4 3 3 E 3 mm" Y Y Y Y y Y Y 1 swwfl 5. Q 5 5 ma 3 3 5 3 i J awn. N2 m? F .V oil? 5 $3 3 3 3 .3 3 3 E 3 -fi ATTORNEY July 2, 1946. LAKE ET AL 2,403,005

TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1939 15 Sheets-Sheet 9 i i N lNVE'N o s ATTO R N EY July 2, 1946. c. D. LAKE ET AL TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Filed NOV. 24, 1939 l3 Sheets-Sheet 1O ATTORNEY mt m 39km mEf a. SF MHFv/ l VEN B arm ni m w x & 3

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E wS 3 Sandi m 3 5 H 3%. 38 sq AEQ HP 3 5 NE E m 35mm 2 3 UQM L a July 2, 1946. r I c. D. LAKE ET AL I I 3 2 TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Nov. 24, 1959 15 Sheets-Sheet l3 36 II I- t FIG.14-

Patented July 2, i946 TYPEWRITING CALCULATING MACHINE Clair D. Lake, Binghamton, and Francis E.

Hamilton, Endicott, N. Y., assignors to International Business Machines Corp., New York,

N. Y., a corporation of New York Application November 24, 1939, Serial No. 305,792

26 Claims.

This invention relates to combined typewriting and calculating machines.

The main object of the invention is to provid 2 line as the last extension amount or on the next line.

in combination with a typewriter, means for automatically multiplying factors typed on a sheet and controlling the automatic typing of the product, preferably as an extension of the factors on the same line of the sheet as the line on which the factors were typed. Thus, a quantity of articles may be typed asone factor on a line of a sheet, the unit price of the article as a second factor, automatic multiplication of the two factors, as a result of their typing, will occur, and the product will be automatically typed on the same line of the sheet in an extension field of the same.

It is intended to start multiplying operation The invention also provides novel value retaining means to receive the digits typed in succession on the sheet and to retain the value until it is read out either into the totalizer or the automatically as a consequence of the typing of the last or units order digit of the second factor.

It is further intended to typethe product in a predetermined extension section, and to require both the multiplying operation to'be completed and the first column of the predetermined section to be brought to typing position in order to initiate an automatic readout of the multiplying means and typing of the product into said section.

It is also a purpose of the invention to distinguish between debits and credits by providing for automatic typing of the debits in one predetermined extension section of a sheet and the automatic'typing of the credits in another predetermined extension section of the sheet. To condition the machine for typing a credit product in the predetermined credit extension section of the sheet, a credit key is operated and,

under control thereof, the automatic typing of the product into the debit extension section is prevented, while, at the same time, the automatic typing of the product is delayed until the credit extension section is brought to typing position.

An object of the invention also is to provide a totalizer for totaling the debits and credits automatically typed in the extension sections and, preferably, to control entry of the amounts into the totalizer by the automatic typing of the amounts. One advantage of this is that any error in the balance standing on the totalizer may be checked back as an error in the typed extensions.

It is also an object automatically to type the balance standing on the totalizer into a pred-f termined total section of a sheet and to provide for. the balance to be typed either on the same multiplying means. The novel value retaining means is in the form of a bank of value relay coils and related contacts which are selectively closed to represent, by their positions, the typed value. The multiplying means and the totalizer are of the cycling type, and a feature of the invention is that the digits may be typed and the value retained without requiring a cycle for each digit, and that after all the digits have been typed, the multiplying means or the totalizer may be cycled to receive the value set up in the value retaining means. The multiplying means and the totalizer comprise accumulator wheels which-receive different extents of movement corresponding to different magnitudes of values, and differentially operating means converts the positional value representation of the value retaining means into dlfierentialiy timed equivalents to determine the extents of movement of the accumulator wheels.

The negative amounts; in this instance, the credits, are entered ,as complements into the totalizer. When the negative amounts exceed the plus or debit amounts, the totalizer carries the complement of the negative balance. It is a feature of the invention that the negative balance may be automatically typed as a true number into the total section of the sheet under control of the totalizer carrying the complement of the negative balance.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide for the entry of a discount item, involving multiplication of a typed discount percentage by the typed amount on which the discount is to be taken. The discount percentage is typed on the bill sheet and entered in the multiplying means as a factor 1000 times greater than its actual value; thus 2.5%,.equal to 2.5/ is typed and entered as 25. This factor is multiplied by the amount on which the discount is made and the product then obtained is 1000 times greater than the true discount. The invention provides for conversion of this false product into the true product by reducing the false product by three decimal places to the left, equivalent to dividing the false product by 1000, and reading out and typing the true product. Stated generally, the above involves the entry of a factor into the multip yi means as a number of different magnitude and tbe reading out of the product in true denominational order relation, just as though the factor had been entered in its original denominational order form into the multiplying means. (line advantage of this feature of the invention is that a multiplying means limited to a predetermined number of denominational orders may serve for multiplying a number which includes a fraction of the lowest or units order by another factor and than reading out the product in true decimal place relation. In this connection, means are provided to round out the lowest unit order of the product by adding 1 thereto when the next lowest denominational order reads "5 or more.

The invention also provides for the automatic resetting of the multiplying means after the product has been read out therefrom andtyped. Alternative means are provided to initiate resetting oi the multiplying means at will, and such means causes the value retaining means to be restored to unactuated or zero condition and to interrupt multiplying operation in time event inultiplication has not yet been compiotod.

It is also a purpose oi the invention an error key control to prevent iurt into the value retaining means oi the t. oi the factors as they are typed, and also to the value retaining means of the value effected prior to discovery of the error. A i 0! the error key control is that or it com causing a product to be typed us oruolit v may be rendered inefiective uud the ovoouci; typed, instead, as a debit amount.

The invention also provides for tho muiti operation of two factors of an item to to 1 during the typing of matter on the she does not enter into the calculation; for i a description or the item.

The invention further provides for alternatively automatically resetting or not resetting the totalizer after its balance has been read out and typed The machine provides for the elimination oi thetyping of zero standing in orders of the totalioer or the product (multiplying) bank, whorl such zeros are not preceded by a significant ligure and, instead, causing a letter spacing of the sheet to bring the next column thereof to twins position. The number of effective denomium tional orders of the totalizer or product haul-r correspond to the number of columns of the cortension section or the sheet into which the value on a, bank is to be typed, with each eirectivo ordor or a bank corresponding to one of the extension columns. It is a further object of the invention to vary the number of effective orders of a bank of value manifesting means in accordance with the number of columns in the extension section into which the value in the bank is to be typed. Thus, the product bank and the totalizer bank may have a maximum number of denominational orders corresponding to a. maximum number of columns in an extension section. It the three highest orders of the bank read "9, then letter spacing is controlled thereby to space the corresponding extension columns past the typing posttion. The invention provides for reduction of the number of effective orders of a bank in order to suppress the letter spacing operations normally controlled by the eliminated orders, whereby the first effective order of the bank corresponds to the first column of a reduced extension field and the value in the latter order is typed into the latter column. Thus, if a bank has eight orders and the extension section has eight columns, 11 the three highest orders read "0, then letter spacing occurs to bring the fifth. column oi. the extension section to typing position. If the product or total is not to exceed five orders, and the ext-ension sections, correspondingly, are provided only with live columns, the three highest orders of on eight order bank; always read "0 and if suppression of the letter spacing operations under control of the highest orders were not effected, the correlation between the fifth order of the bank and the corresponding highest order column of the reduced extension field would be destrayed. By means of the present invention, when column reduction is desired, the letter spacing under control of the three highest orders of a bank is suppressed. Further, the invention provides for corresponding reduction 01' the columns of the value retainer bank.

Among still other objects of the invention is the provision oi means for automatically efiectlug carriage return and line spacing operation as an incident following the automatic typing oi n.

product 01 total into an extension section, and for uutomut eilecting tab spacing oil-oration between t its and cents orders oi au outm moticuliy tyui. in. amino.

Other ohietto oi the invention will be poiotcd out in the following description and claims oud illustrated in the accompanying drawings, loll disclose, by Way or" example, the principle o the iuveoitioi and the best mode, which has liecio coni applying that principle.

it view oi the machine,

. vieiv oi a selector switch oi tho v "ticol suction throuuh the product the machine, taken along; linoo oi l lo. 1,

Fig. o. diagrammatic view of one. order of the readout commutator of the total hauls,

Fig. i is sectional view of the eluslvo moons for the total bank,

Fig. ii is in section along lines 5-5 of Fig. 1, showing the clutch of the calculator unit,

Figs. 6 and l are sections, respectively, along lines li o and l' -l of Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is u sectional View of the resetting moons of an accumulator bank of the calculator unit,

l ig. ii is a suction through the typewriter unit,

Fig. lil is o, detail, plan view or oontoctclooing means in the typewriter unit,

Figs. lid and 112) are time charts showing no extensive accumulator cycles and readout cycles,

lgigs. 12a to 12 constitute the circuit diagram, on

Fig. shows an illustrative bill prepared by the machine.

Fig. 14 is a perspective view showing the carrioge return mechanism.

The bill Price section, the tens and units cents orders held 01' the Price section, the Description field, the dollars field or the Amount section, the cents orders field or the Amount section, the dollars field, of the Credit section, the cents held of the bring the description Credit section, the dollars field of the Total section, and the cents field of the Total section. The Amount section, in the present instance, receives debit amounts and may be referred to also as the debit section. The Amount, Credit, and Total sections may also be referred to as the extension sections for receiving extensions of the data typed in the quantity and price sections. The heading is typed within a portion of the heading area which is a vertically upwardv extensionof thedescription field. The heading area may thus be considered as part of the description field.

The bill item may be debit or credit items. For example, the first item of the illustrative bill is a computed debit.- The second item is a computed discount credit, the next five items are computed debits, the eighth item is a computed credit, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh items are successively computed discount credits, the successive discount being taken on the successive balances, and the last item is a simple credit, not

involving computation of values in the quantity and price columns. The net balance is typed below the lastitem line.

Brief plan of operation The tab stops are set in the typewriter in accordance with. the pacing v of the bill. Each such field is brought to typing position by operation of the tab key of the typewriter. Thus, repeated operations of the tab key field of the bill to timin position, and the operator types the heading. Following the typing of. the heading, a carriage return operation is effected and the bill vertically spaced to p s tion the first item line at the typing line. The lot number field is then tabular spaced to typing position and the lot number of the article involved in the first item typed in this field. In succession, the quantity, price, and description fields are tabular spaced to typin position and the quantity, price, and description of the first item typed. During thev typing of the quantity and price, they are entered as multiplier and multiplicand factors in a value retaining means. When the right-hand or units order digit of the price has been entered, multiplying means comes into operation to multiply the two factors. The multiplication proceeds during the typing of the description and may be completed either before or after the amount section of the bill is tabulated to typing position. When multiplication is completed, the value retaining means is cleared of the factors, and, with the amount section also tabulated to typing position, automatic readout means comes into play to read out the product of the quantity and price factors and cause the product to be typed by the typewriter keys into the columns of the amount section. During the automatic readout and typing of the product, the value retaining means is again set up not. After the product has been typed, an automatic carriage return operation occurs and, in the interval between the completion of the typ n of the product and the bringing of the quantity field of the next line to typing position, the prod- ,uct is read out of the value retaining means into a totalizer. This totalizer accumulates debit and credit items and the balance standing therein may be read out into the total section of the bill, such of the vertical fields to represent the prod-' the quantity section,

6 total or balance read out being initiated by operation of a total key.

It should be noted that if the customer is to be debited with a known sum, the entry of this sum may be eifected by entering "1 into the quantity section and the sum in the price section. The product of these two factors is the sum itself, which would be automatically typed in the amount section and entered in the totalizer 'in thesame manner as any other debit product.

In entering a computed credit item, such as shown in line 8 of the bill, the quantity and price factors are entered in the same manner as for a debit product. But before tabulating the bill after the typing of the description, the operator depresses a credit key. This prevent the automatic typing of the extension or product into the amount section of the bill and permits the computed credit to be automatically typed only into the credit section of the bill when tabulated to typing position.v After the auto typing of the credit and as a result of the previous depression of the credit key, the credit is automatically entered subtractively, as a complement, into the totalizer.

multiplication, the operator tabulates the bill to the credit section, depresses the credit key, and manually types the credit amount which is entered subtractively into the totalizer. When dealing with a discount item, such as in line 2 of the bill, the discount percentage is typed into with the tens order of the discount percentage being typedin the hundreds automatically or first column of the quantity field, the, units order in the tens column, and the decimal equivalent'of the fraction in the units column. The

amount on which the discount is to be figured is then typed into the price section. Multiplication proceeds, as before, description. Before tabulating to the Amount section, the operator depresses a discount key, after which the bill is tabulated further to the credit section. Under control of the discount key, the product is reduced by three decimal places to the the credit section, and then subtractively entered into the totalizer. When the discount percentage is to be taken on the balance standing in the totalizer, as in line 9, the operator, during the entry of the preceding item in line 8 and before the amount section of the bill is tabulated to typing position, depresses a total key. This prevents automatic carriage return, and when the bill is tabulated to the total section, the balance is automatically read out from the totalizer and typed on line 8 into the total section. The operator then manually initiates carriage return and incidental line spacing and proceeds with the typing of line 9 in the manner explained for the other discount item (line 2), using the balance, typed in the total section of the preceding line, as the price value on which the discount is to be taken. The advantage of printing the balance for discount purposes is particularly evident when the totalizer isof the concealed type, the reading of which is not visible to the operator.

After the last item has been printed, the operator depressesthe total key, types in the descrip- I tion, and tabulates the bill to the total field, into which the net balance is automatically entered.

In entering a simple credit, one not involving during the typing of the left and automatically typed as a credit into product in the character II, and keys ll-l, 2

However. when the balance is not to be carried forward, the operator, instead of depressing the total key, depresses a total and. reset key, which not only causes printing of the balance but also resetting of the totalizer.

The bill'sheet shown in Fig. 13 has an eight digit capacity in each of the amount, credit, and total sections. This allows for the typing of a each item do not exceed two digits and the price factors do not exceed three digits, so that their product cannot exceed five digits. Further, in such transactions, the total of the items may never'exceed five digits or always be below $1000.00. For such transactions, a bill sheet containing only five columns in each of the amount, credit, and total sections will be used, and the tab'stops will be set according to the spacing between the reduced extension sections. The quantity and price sections will not be reduced in also since a discount item would still require the typing of three quantity digits and a five order amount to be discounted. The product or the discount cannot. however, exceed five digits, as the product of the three discount percentage digits and the five amount digits would be reduced by three decimal places to the left to give the true discount amount.

In order to provide for the automatic typing of the extensions in the proper columns of the reduced extension iields of the bill, column reduction means is provided, rendered effective by manual operation of a column reduction switch. The column reduction means, in effect, reduces the capacity of the value retaining means, the product readout means. and the total readout mean from eight orders to five.

In the following parts of the description, a common reference character may be used to denote similar elements, and the elements may be din'erentiated by sumxing actor to the common character, with a hyphen between the characters. Thus, the typewriter keys (Figs. 1 and 9) have the common reference I refer to the keys for. causing typing of the The typewriter unit Referring to Figs. 1 and 9. the typewriter unit TU is of a well known kind, the general princi plea of which may be found in Patents Nos. 1,777,065 and 1,873,512. Depression of a key ll releases a latch II from a cam l2, permitting the cam to be forced by a lever ll against a friction roller I4 constantly rotated by the typewriter motor. As cam l2 engages the roller 14, it is rocked together with its carrier II in a direction to depress the connected link ll. through linkage l1, propels the type bar It against the sheet on platen l2, thereby typing the r corresponding to the operated key. Towards the end of the stroke of the type bar, it strikes a universal member 2| which, through a link 2|. actuates the escapement control 22 to cause an intraline or character spacing operation of the wpewriter carriage 28. Operation of the space bar 5? also causes a similar intrallne amount and credit sections ob- 481 is connected digits 1, 2, 9.

The carriage return means includes a key CR depression of which initiates automatic action of the carriage return mechanism, which may be of the kind disclosed in Patents No. 1,753,450, No. 2,200,767, and No. 1,955,614. The carriage return key CR (see Fig. 14) is pivoted on the rod "I (also see Fig. 9) and has an arm 462a controlling a cam unit 483 which is generally similar to the cam unit including cam 12 but includes only a single-lobe cam 464. The friction clutch 465 is substantially identical with the one described in Patent No. 1,753,450 which, when engaged, causes a tape drum 488 to be rotated in such wise as to wind up the carriage return tape 481. This tape passes over a guide roller 4" and thence under the member 439 to a pulley 4 mounted on one arm of a bell crank 41!). The

bell crank is pivotally mounted on a bracket 4" secured to member 439 which is part of carriage 22 (Fig. 9). The arm of the crank carrying pulley 469 extends downwardly through an opening in member 438. After passing around pulley 468, the tape is secured to the underside of member 438.

The clutch 485 is controlled by the toggle links 412 which interconnect a relatively fixed bracket 413 and a clutch operating lever 414. One of the toggle links has an arm 4120 connected by a link 41! to cam unit 463. When the carriage return key GR is depressed, the cam 484 is operatively engaged by the periphery of power roller 14, whereby the cam unit is rotated in a direction to depress link 415. This action of the link straightens the toggle linkage 412 and moves it slightly past dead center position. The straightening of the toggle linkage causes the upper end of the lever 414 to move to the right to render clutch 465 active. An adjustable plate 418 limits the movement of the toggle linkage 412 past dead center position in which the linkage is held by a spring 411.

Cooperating with the arm 412a is one arm of a bell crank 418 pivotally mounted on a fixed mem ber 41!. The other arm of the bell crank is connected by a rod 480 to one arm of a three-armed lever 48! pivotally mounted on a fixed part of the framework. One of the other arms of lever pivotally mounted on the real rail 442 (see also Fig. 9). The trip lever 48! has an inclined surface 482a designed to act as acam surface..

Secured in the (Fig. 9) is the draw the carriage 22 to the right (Fig. 14) and when part 424 of stop 24 strikes cam surface 482a of lever 483, and rocks this lever in a clockwise direction this causes the link 482 to be drawn to the left with the result that lever 418 is rocked clockwise and the arm thereof cooperating with the arm 412a The carriage is arrested in left-hand margin position by the engagement of the projection 424 of stop 24 with the lug 488a formed in the usual tabular lever 4", forming part of the tabulati by a link 482 to a trip lever 4" will bend the toggle linkage 12 to effect disengagement of clutch 485.

mechanism such as disclosed in Patent No. 1,935,436. The platen i is line spaced each time the carriage return mechanism is operated. The means by which this is accomplished is described in detail in Patent No. 1,957,322. Briefly, when lever 410 is rocked counterclockwise (Fig. 14) by tape 461 just before the actual carriage return movement begins, the lever, through a tongue and slot connection, depresses a slide 403. This slide carries a pivoted dog 404 which engages the usual line space ratchet 405 (see Fig. 1). Thus, each time the slide 403 is depressed, dog 404 acts on ratchet 400 to turn platen i9 through one line space increment. The setting of the usual line space control lever 406 governs the extent of a line spacing movement as" explained fully in Patent No. 1,957,322.

The tab spacing means is of the automatic type, such as disclosed in Patent No. 1,935,436, and includes the tab key Tab, depression of which initiates automatic action of the tabular spacing mechanism to effect tab spacing in accordance with the setting of the tab stops (not shown). The tab stops are set in accordance with the required lateral spacing of the lists or vertical fields of the bill (Fig. 13) to be prepared.

Peculiar to the present invention is a normally spectively the Product and Total banks. The general construction of these accumulator banks is similar to that disclosed in Patent No. 1,976,617.

national order or column of the readout comrnutater PRO (see Fig. 12b) of the product bank as open switch 24 (see Fig. 10) mounted on the frame behind the carriage 23. An extension of the left margin stop 25 closes the switch when the carriage is returned to the beginning of the line. I

The carrier II of each of the digit keys has an insulating roller 20 for engaging the adjacent spring blade 21, upon operation of the digit key, to close inner and outer contacts 28 and 20' in succession. Similarly, depression of the space bar, the carriage return key, and the tab key causes closure of an associated pair of contacts 20. A solenoid 30 is associated with each digit key, the carriage return key, the tab key, and the space bar. Energization of a solenoid 30 acts through linkage 3| to depress the associated element automatically. I

The typewriter unit also is provided with an error key EK, a credit key GK, 9. discount key DK, a total key TX, and a total and reset key TRK, each closing contacts which are shown in the circuit diagram, Fig. 120.

Also included in the tyewriter unit, in addition to the usual typewriter motor switch SW-T, are the three-pole switch SW-L, the total bank reset switch SW-TR, the product bank reset switch SW-PR, and the column reduction switch SW-C.

The functions of the switches. the special keys,

- the key contacts, and the key solenoids will be explained hereinafter in detail. in connection with the circuit.

The calculator unit with a clutch magnet 40. Energi'zation of the clutch magnet releases lever 07 from the clutch dog and arm, causing the clutch dog to engage in a notch of the driving disk as and thus couple shaft 00 to shaft 32 for at least one revolution.

Accumulator Danica-The calculator unit has two accumulator banks ACC-P and ACC-T, re-

,tity" and Price. quantity factor is limited to three digits and the the indicator wheel. This product bank commutator is similar to the readout commutator of Patent No. 1,976,617. The gear ratio between shaft 44 and the rotor 50 is such as to cause the rotor to make one revolution for two of the indicator wheel. The rotor $0 of each column. has two diametrically opposite brushes 5 i, alternating during successive cycles, in engaging the cokeotor ring 52 of the column and the segments Et-t to 8 common to two adjacent columns.

The product bank is used to obtain the product of two factors, which, for the illustrative bill (Fig. 13), are the numbers under the headings Quan- In the present instance, the

price factor to five digits, and, therefore, the product cannot exceed eight digits. Accordingly, the product bank has eight columns for the product. The multiplication is effected by the over and over addition method, and a ninth column of the product bank receives the denominational order values of the multiplier, one order at a time, while a tenth column coacts with the ninth column to determine the number of cycles of entry of the muitiplicand in the first eight columns. A total bank ACC-T is used to obtain a balance of the items on one or more bills. The items may be either debit or credit items. The debit item may be considered as the plus item,

while the credit item may be considered as the minus item.

The debit amounts are entered additively or as plus numbers into the total bank, while the credit amounts are entered, subtractively, as complements; The maximum total to be taken care of by the total bank is not to ex ceed eight digits and, therefore, eight columns of the bank are provided for this total. A ninth column of the total bank is provided to receive a 9" whenever a complement is entered in the total bank. If the sum of the plus items exceeds or is equal to the sum of the minus items, the ninth column will stand at "0," whereas if the sum of the minus items or complements exceeds the sum ofthe plug items, the ninth column will read 9. The ninth column is tested for the presence of a 9" to determine whether a complement or credit total is standing in the first eight columns of the total bank. If a credit total is detected, then its complement is read out and the credit typed as a true number. The readout commutator TRO (Fig. 121:) of the total bank is similar in principle to those disclosed in Patents Nos. 2,007,375, and 2,046,437. One order of this commutator is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3a and comprises axially spaced and collector rings respectively wiped by and brushescarried by rotors, insulated from each other but which are commonly operated by one gear 40 in step with the operation of the indicator wheel 41 of the some order. There are two diametrically opposite brushes and two simi- 11 larly disposed brushes, and while one brush is wiping the collector ring. the opposite brush is traversing the commutator segments to 9. The brushes are one step behind the brushes, so that with the brush on the "0 segment, one brush is on the "9 segment and the opposite brush on the collector ring. Similarly, with the brush on the 1, 2, 3 or 9 segment, the brush is on the 0, 1, 2 or asegment.

In entering the complement of a credit item into the total bank, the elusive 1 must be added to the units order. The elusive 1 means is such as disclosed in Patent No. 1,976,617. Referring to Fig. 4, the elusive l magnet ELM, upon energization, releases armature latch 55 from the rockably mounted arm 55 which supports the carry over pawl 51 (also see Fig. 3) engaged with the carry cam 58 of the units order wheel 41. The release of arm 55 permits a sprin 59 to rock the arm rearwardly against the carry ball 50. After the digit entry portion of an accumulator cycle (see Fig. 11a), a cam 6! (Fig. 4) on shaft 42 acts, through a lever 52 linked to bail 60, to rock the bail forwardly, thereby returning the carry arm 55 into latching engagement with the armature latch 55 of the meanwhil deenergized magnet ELM. As the arm 58 is restored, the pawl 51 engages a tooth of cam 58 to move the units order wheel 41 one step, adding the elusive "1 to the units column of the total bank. The carry over mechanism between adjacent orders of the accumulator banks is such as dis closed in Patent No. 1,976,617 and includes carry cams 55 and pawis 51 for each of different orders, their carriers 58, latches 55, bail Bil, link 52, and When an indicator wheel, during the entry period, moves from 9 to 0, a high tooth of the associated carry cam 58 rocks the follower pawl 51 to an extent sumcient to cause a laterally extending ear 51 thereof to rock the latch 51 of the next higher order downwardly so as to release the arm 55 of the latter order. The operation of bail 60, after the entry period, rocks the released arm 55' to cause the pawl 51 carried thereby to advance the latter order one step.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 8, the reset means for the accumulator hanks is of the t p disclosed in Patent No. 2,049,690. There is a reset magnet RM for each bank, energization of which causes rotation of the shaft 45 of the indicator wheels of the related bank to effect resetting of the indicator wheels and the other, connected elements of the bank. The means for effecting rotation of the shaft 45 comprises a gear 55 fixed to one end of the shaft and meshed with a gear 54 freely mounted on a shaft 55. Rigid with gear 54 is a clutch collar 55 having a single notch 85' adapted to receive the nose of a clutch .dog 51 carried by an arm "fixed to shaft 55. During rotation of shaft 55, the tail of the clutchdog engages the roller 55 provided on one end of a lever 15 which is normally latched up by armature ll of the re set magnet RM. During each revolution of shaft 45, the engagement of the tail of the clutch dos with roller 89 cams the nose of the dog outwardly as it traverses the notch 55' of thestationary clutch collar 55. when the magnet RM is energized, lever 10 1s unlatched and moves clockwise (Fig. 8) so that roller 58 is no longer in the path of the tail of clutchdog 61. As a result, when the nose of the clutch dog next reachesnotch 65, it is free to move into the notch and, in so doing, it couples the gear 54 to the shaft 55 for a single revolution. Gear 54,

12 during its revolution, acts through gear to rotate shaft 48 to reset the bank associated with the energized reset magnet.

Rigid with driven gear 54 is a cam 1| (Fig. l) which, during the revolution of thi gear, cams a bail 12 (also see Fig. 8) counterclockwise, causing an insulating lug 12' thereof to depress the lower spring blade 13 carrying one of the points of the normally closed contacts RMa. Thus, during reset of a bank, the associated contacts RMa are momentarily opened.

The reset magnet of the total bank may be characterized as RM-T, and that of the product bank as RM-P. It should also be noted that similar elements of both banks may be distinguished by appending the letter P to the common reference character to designate association with the product bank and by the letter 'I' to designate association with the total bank. Further, denominational orders of similar elements may be distinguished by appending to the common reference character, the letter u to designate the units order, the letter t to designate the tens order, the letter 71 to designate the hundreds order, the letters th to designate the thousands order, the symbol Hithd to designate the tens of thousands order, and so on. Further, in the description of relays, the relay contacts may be characterized by the reference number or character of the relay magnet followed by a letter a, b, 0, etc.

Cam contacts, impulse emitters, make and break contacts.--Referring to Figs. 1 and 6, the accumulator cycle shaft 36 extends past the total bank ACC-T, and near its right-hand end carries two make and break contact cams 14 for operating make and break contacts 15. Shaft 55 drives, in one-to-one ratio, gears 15 carrying the brushes 11 (see Fig. 12d) of two impulse emitters E+ and 13-, respectively, the plus or debit and the minus or credit emitters. Shaft 55 also drives, in one-to-one ratio, through gearing 15 (also see Fig. '1), the shaft 55, previously referred to in the description of the reset means. Shaft 55 carries a plurality of cams A for operating the several A cam contacts (see Fig. 110). The make and break contacts 15, the emitters E+ and E-, and the A cam contacts all operate on a 16" point cycle basis, and this 16" point cycle may be referred to as an accumulator cycle (Fig. 11a).

Geared one-to-three to shaft 55 is a shaft 15 which drives, in onesto-one ratio. the brushes 55 (see Figs. 1, 6 and 12b) of auto type emitters E-T and EH. Driven one-to-one by shaft 15 is a shaft II on which are two make and break cams 52 for operating the make and break contacts 55. The shafts 19 and BI carry the cams R for operating the R cam contacts. The latter cam contacts, emitters E-P and E-T, and make and break contacts 55 all operate on a 4" point cy e basis, and this cycle may be referred to as the readout cycle (Fig. 11b). As indicated by Figs. 11a and 11b, each readout cycle is coextensive with a series of three accumulator cycles. The readout cycle thus takes three times as long as an accumulator cycle, and the speed of the readout cycle means is such as to suit the requirements for accurate operation of the typewriter mechanism.

As will be brought out further in connection with the description of the circuit, the points of the readout cycle marked 1,2 8" correspond to ,columns of the accumulator banks and designate the points of the readout cycle at which 13 corresponding columns of the banks are read out. The points 9" to 1 of the accumulator cycle represent the points at which energization of a control magnet CM causes entry of values 9 to "1 into the associated order'of the accumulator bank, and the cycle interval 9" to "1" may be referred to as the entry portion of the cycle.

Selector switchea-Also included in the calculator unit are three selector switches SW-#I, SW-#2, and SW-#3. The switch SW-#I is used during the setting up of values under control of the typewriter keys, the switch SW-#2 is used during the multiplying operation, and the switch SW-#3 is used to correlate controlling operations of the calculator unit to the tab spacing operation of the typewriter. The construction of each selector switch is similar and shown in Fig. 2. The selector switch comprises a common contact segment 84 and contact segments 85 wiped by a brush 88 fixed to a shaft 81. :1 this shaft is fast a ratchet wheel 88 engaged by a holding pawl 88 which prevents the shaft from being restored, in a counterclockwise direction, by a spring 88, to the home position, which is one step behind the 1" segment. While the brush is in home position,: an insulating roller 9| on its rear end holds a pair of contacts SWO. andSWb open. As soon -As long as the switch SW-L is closed, current is fed to opposite common lines I8II82 and the calculator motor M-C' and the typewriter motor M-T remain in operation.

Relating to switch SW-#3 of the bill, with the calculator operations. To

as the brush departs from home position, these contacts close. The holding pawl 89 of the switch is released from the ratchet 88, to permit restoration of the brush, upon energization of a release magnet SWR. The ratchet 88 is also engaged by an actuating pawl 92 carried by the armature lever 83 of the stepping magnet SWM. Each time magnet SWM is energized, it causes pawl 82 to advance the brush 86 one step. The construction of the ratchet 88 is such as to prevent its advance and advance of the brush 88 from segment 88-I8 or from its "10 position should an impulse be received by the stepping magnet SWM while the brush is in the 10 position.

Circuits and operation to and from the binding posts may be referred to as connections b-l, 12-2, 11-3, etc. The connections leading upwardly in Fig. 12a from the binding posts connect the calculator unit to the typeeach of the ten segments of switch SW-#8 is connected a. plug socket I83 which may be wired by a plug connection I84 to any of the live plug sockets I85. Each segment of the switch, as well as the connected plug socket I83, corresponds to one of the fields of the bill, as indicated in Fig. 12f. For the present case, the lot number field socket is left unconnected from any of sockets I85. For the typing of. the illustrative bill (Fig. 13) the quantity field socket I83-2 is connected to socket I854, the dollars amount socket I83-8 is connected to socket I85-3, the dollars credit amount socket I83-8 is connected to socket i854, and the total socket I83-I8 is connected to socket loll-5.

The sockets I83 are successively connected to common line IN by stepping the brush 88 of the selector, switch along segments 85 in accordance with the tabular spacing of the bill and, therefore, in accordance with the fields of the bill brought to typing position. In order that the selection of sockets I83 by switch SW-#3 be repeated for each line of the bill, the brush of this switch is restored to home position as an incident to each carriage return operation. When the carriage return key CR is operated, key contacts 28-CR close, forming the following circuit (Fig. 120.)

Switch-#3 release magnet-Common line I82, through release magnet SWR-8, connection b-38,

, key contacts ZB-CR, connection b-8l, common lease magnet. Thus, even if the carriage return writer and are'gathered in the cable 8, as shown in Fla. 1.

To run the typewriter unit by itself, the typewriter switch SW-T is closed, forming the 101-,

lowing circuit (Fig. 120,):

Typewriter motor circuits #1.-'From one side of the plug I88, through connection b-I, switch SW-T, typewriter motor M-T, connection 17-2, to the opposite side of the plug.

When it is desired to operate the typewriter Jointly with the calculator, the three pole switch SW-L is closed, establishing the following circuits (Fig. 12a):

Typewriter motor circuit #2.From one side of plug I88, through connection b-I, the left pole of switch SW-L, motor M-T, connection b-2, to the opposite side oi. the plug.

Calculator motor circuit.-From one side of plug I88, through connection b-I the center pole of switch SW-L, connection b-4, common line I8I, calculator unit motor M-C, opposite common line I82, connection -b-3, the right pole of switch SW-L, connection 11-2, to the other side of the Plus.

operation were eifected manually instead ofas a result of depressionof the carriage return key,

the closure of contacts 24 would result in energization of magnet SWR-3. Energization of this magnet causes the return of the brush 88 to home position, one step behind the "1 segment of the switch SW-#8.

The first operation on the bill sheet is to type I in the heading. Since the description field, along a vertical extension of which the heading lies, corresponds to socket "18-8, which is not connected 'to any of sockets I85, the typing in the heading willnot affect the operation of the calculator unit. After typing the heading, the operator manually initiates a carriage return operation and spaces the bill sheet to position the first item line of the bill at the typing line. As a result of the carriage return operation, the brush of switch SW-#3- is restored to home position. The tab key is then depressed to tabulate the carriage to the first column of the lot number field. The depression of the tab key closes key contacts 28-Tab to form the following circuit (Fig. 12a) through the stepping magnet SWM-t of switch SW4:

Switch SW t Si stepping magnethine i623, 

